From the publisher: The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are “metaphors we live by”—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them. In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson’s influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language. About the author: George Lakoff is a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of, among other books, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Moral Politics, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Mark Johnson is the Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Oregon. He is the author of The Body in the Mind and Moral Imagination, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Johnson and Lakoff have also coauthored Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought.     Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1. Concepts We Live By 2. The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts 3. Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding 4. Orientational Metaphors 5. Metaphor and Cultural Coherence 6. Ontological Metaphors 7. Personification 8. Metonymy 9. Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence 10. Some Further Examples 11. The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring 12. How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded? 13. The Grounding of Structural Metaphors 14. Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical 15. The Coherent Structuring of Experience 16. Metaphorical Coherence 17. Complex Coherences across Metaphors 18. Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure 19. Definition and Understanding 20. How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form 21. New Meaning 22. The Creation of Similarity 23. Metaphor, Truth, and Action 24. Truth 25. The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism 26. The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics 27. How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism 28. Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism 29. The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths 30. Understanding Afterword References   (Credits: Book cover image and publisher’s description have been retrieved from BiblioShare.) Buy this book from independent bookstores or those who support them: Canada only (select your indie bookshop): US only (Bookshop.org): UK only (Bookshop.org):